Guides

Guides

Plain-English how-tos that pair with our tools — photos, money, and AI costs, without the fluff.

Latest guides

⏱️Unix Time for Beginners: What a Timestamp Actually Is

Unix time is just a number of seconds — no dates, no timezones. Why software uses it, why seconds vs. milliseconds breaks things, and what the Year 2038 problem is.

💧Should You Watermark Your Photos? A Practical Guide

Watermarks protect some photos and hurt others. When adding one actually helps, when it backfires, and how to place one without ruining the shot.

🔖Favicons, Fully Explained: Every File and Fix You Need

The favicon files browsers, iOS, Android, and Google Search actually check for in 2026, and why favicons silently fail to update.

⚖️Is ChatGPT Plus Worth It? Subscription vs. API, By the Numbers

ChatGPT Plus, Claude Pro, and Gemini Advanced cost about $20/month flat. Who actually comes out ahead paying per token instead, and who shouldn't bother.

💾Prompt Caching Explained: How to Cut Your AI API Bill

Prompt caching lets you pay a fraction of the price for tokens you send repeatedly. How OpenAI, Anthropic, and Google implement it, and when it actually saves money.

🔤AI Tokens Explained: What They Are and Why You're Billed on Them

AI models don't charge by the word or the API call — they charge by the token. What a token is, why it's the billing unit, and how to use fewer of them.

📅Business Days vs. Calendar Days: Where the Math Goes Wrong

'5 business days' isn't the same math every time. How weekends, federal holidays, and fine-print definitions change the answer.

💵Tipping in the US: A Practical Guide to What You Actually Owe

Why American tipping works the way it does, real percentages for restaurants and a dozen other services, and what to do about the tablet screens asking for 30%.

⚖️BMI's Limitations: What the Number Doesn't Tell You

BMI is a quick screening ratio, not a body-fat measurement. What it misses — muscle, age, ethnicity, fat distribution — and how to read your number sensibly.

🤝Salary Negotiation: The Numbers to Run Before You Say a Word

A raise percentage, a total comp figure, and an hourly rate mean less than they look like. Here's how to run the actual numbers.

🔢The Rule of 72: How to Estimate Savings Growth in Your Head

The Rule of 72 turns any interest rate into a doubling time you can calculate without a calculator, and how accurate it really is.

📊APR vs. Interest Rate: What's the Real Difference?

The interest rate and the APR on a loan are almost never the same number — what APR actually includes and when to ignore it.

🏠How Your Mortgage Payment Is Actually Calculated

Principal, interest, taxes, insurance and PMI — what each piece is, why early payments are mostly interest, and how rate changes the total.

🔗URL Shorteners: What They're Good For, And Where They Backfire

When a short link actually helps, when it just adds risk, and what happens if the shortening service ever shuts down.

🔳QR Codes Explained: How They Work and How to Use Them Safely

How QR codes store data, what they can hold besides URLs, the quishing scam pattern, and how to generate one that scans reliably.

🔐Password Security Basics: What Actually Keeps You Safe

What really makes a password strong in 2026, the habits that matter more, and how to generate and store passwords you won't have to remember.

🪄How to Make a Transparent Background: The Complete Guide

The tools that actually work, the mistakes that ruin the result, and how to keep clean edges on a transparent PNG.

🖼️JPG vs PNG vs WebP: Which Image Format Should You Actually Use?

A practical breakdown of JPG, PNG, and WebP — what each one is good at and how to pick the right one.

📎How to Merge PDF Files (And When You Actually Need To)

Combining PDFs comes up more than you'd think — here's when to merge, when to split, and how to do both safely.

🤖How to Choose an AI Model by Cost (Without Overpaying)

Price tiers, the 80/20 routing rule, and a worked chatbot bill on three models.

📈Compound Interest, Explained With Real Numbers

Real numbers, the rule of 72, and why starting early beats contributing more.

🧾Understanding Your Take-Home Pay

Where your salary actually goes — marginal brackets, FICA, and the 401(k) effect.

▶️YouTube Thumbnail Size & Best Practices (2026)

The exact 2026 spec, safe zones, and design habits that raise click-through.

🕵️What Your Photos Reveal: EXIF Data, GPS, and Privacy

EXIF data, GPS coordinates, and which platforms strip metadata — and which don't.

🗜️How to Reduce Photo File Size (Email, Uploads, Web)

Email limits, form uploads, and web images — realistic targets and the right way to hit them.

Subscribe via RSS — new guides every Tuesday and Friday.

Last reviewed: · Who maintains this · How it is checked

Drafted with AI assistance and reviewed before publication — not claimed to be hand-written. This is a how-to rather than a factual reference, so it carries no Sources block: attaching official-looking citations to a page that does not need them borrows authority rather than demonstrating it. Where it does state a fact, that fact is checkable, and the tools it points to are on this site. Found something wrong? Tell us — we correct the page and re-date it.